Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Study on the role of Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of cervical cancer of Uyghur women. METHODS：We collected 178 cases of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cervical tissue specimens of Uyghur women with cervicitis，cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). EBV and HPV DNA was detected by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) with the tissue DNA extracted，and the EBV protein expression was checked by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS：HPV DNA was detectable in 2.5%，12.5%，68.0% and 96.4% cases of cervicitis，CINⅠ，CINⅡ-Ⅲ and cervical cancer，respectively；and EBV DNA in 0%，3.1%，28.0% and 69.6% cases， respectivelly；with a significant difference among groups of cervicits ，CINII-III and cancer for both HPV and EBV(P>0.05). Further analysis indicated that cervical lesion pathogenesis was not only accompanied with gradual increasing rate for HPV or EBV DNA alone，but also positively correlated with the increase of HPV-EBV dual-infection(correlation coefficient r=0.46；χ2=82.50， P＜0.01). EBV protein expression was 89.7% positive in EBV-DNA positive cases(34/39)and 6% positive in EBV-DNA negative cases (1/17). CONCLUSION：Uyghur cervical cancer development and progression may be closely associated with the dual infection by HPV and EBV.

Key words: cervical cancer, human papillomavirus, Ebstein-Barr virus